《植物生理学报》 2016, 52(4): 381-393

植物中钼的吸收转运及钼辅因子与钼酶的研究进展

刘利, 高东升^*

作物生物学国家重点实验室, 山东果蔬优质高效生产协同创新中心, 山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院, 山东泰安271018

通信作者：高东升；E-mail: dsgao@sdau.edu.cn

摘　要：

钼是植物生长发育所必需的微量元素, 只有和蛋白质或者蝶呤结合形成钼辅因子才能产生生物活性。自然界存在2种钼辅因子: 以铁硫簇为基础的铁钼辅因子(FeMoco)和以钼蝶呤为基础的钼辅因子(MPT/Moco)。植物对钼的吸收有2种转运蛋白系统, 一种是专一性转运蛋白, 如MOTl和MOT2; 另一种是共转运蛋白, 如磷酸盐转运蛋白(PHT)和硫酸盐转运蛋白(SULTR)。最近研究发现一种钼酶——线粒体氨肟还原蛋白(mARC)。本文综述了近年来植物体内钼的吸收与转运机制、钼辅因子的合成过程以及钼酶的研究进展, 并提出了今后的重点研究方向。

关键词：钼; 钼转运蛋白; 钼辅因子; 钼酶; 线粒体氨肟还原蛋白

收稿：2015-12-22   修定：2016-03-18

资助：国家自然科学基金(31372050)和山东省现代农业产业技术体系水果产业创新团队-栽培与设施装备建设专项(SDAIT-03-022-05)。

Advances in molybdenum uptake and translocation, molybdenum cofactors and molybdenum enzymes in plants

LIU Li, GAO Dong-Sheng^*

State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China

Corresponding author: GAO Dong-Sheng; E-mail: dsgao@sdau.edu.cn

Abstract:

Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential element for plant growth and development. Mo is bioavailable after binding to protein or pterin to form Mo cofactor. In nature, there are two kinds of Mo cofactors, iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMoco) and pterin-based molybdenum cofactor (MPT/Moco). Two transpoter systems for assimilating molybdenum exist in plants. One is the specific transporter, such as MOTl and MOT2. The other is the co-transporter, such as phosphate transporter and sulfate transporter. A new Mo enzyme, mitochondrial amidoxime reducing component (mARC), was found in recent researches. This paper reviews the progresses of domestic and abroad researches about the synthesis process of Mo cofactors, transporters and enzymes in plants, and the focus of future Mo research.

Key words: molybdenum; molybdenum transporter; molybdenum cofactor; molybdenum enzyme; mitochondrial amidoxime reducing component